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Middle East

There were large changes in OMI NO2 levels over the Middle East from 2005 to 2016.  Large increases, such as over the Nile River Valley and Delta (Egypt) and Tehran (Iran), may reflect energy usage increases associated with a growing population.  Large increases also occurred over the Persian Gulf and the oil fields of Iraq.  Civil strife in the region led to large decreases over Syria and increases in neighboring countries, such as Lebanon and southern Turkey, where many Syrians migrated.  Large decreases over Dubai (United Arab Emirates) resulted from environmental regulations on NOx emissions.

Middle East Regional Changes in NO2, 2005-2016

Middle East Regional Changes in NO2, 2005-2016
Image Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center

The trend map of the Middle East shows the change in nitrogen dioxide concentrations from 2005 to 2016.

Middle East color bar

 

City Country Region 2021 Average NO2 Change (%) Uncertainty (±%)
Shaiba

Saudi Arabia

Middle East 2.436e+15 22.6949 12.80
Riyadh 9

Saudi Arabia

Middle East 4.867e+15 -11.6147 10.19
Riyadh 10

Saudi Arabia

Middle East 4.982e+15 2.98481 15.32
Rabigh 2

Saudi Arabia

Middle East 2.547e+15 26.8623 11.47
Rabigh

Saudi Arabia

Middle East 2.547e+15 26.8623 11.47
Jeddah South

Saudi Arabia

Middle East 2.645e+15 -9.25496 10.85
Al Shemal

Iraq

Middle East 3.480e+15 106.420 16.43
TAPCO

UAE

Middle East 3.788e+15 15.0213 9.88
Shuweihat S1

UAE

Middle East 1.702e+15 28.0293 12.26
Jebel Ali

UAE

Middle East 5.980e+15 -6.53780 8.28
FAPCO

UAE

Middle East 3.780e+15 21.4003 9.42
APC UAN

UAE

Middle East 3.329e+15 -0.301682 9.32
Riyadh 8

Saudi Arabia

Middle East 6.228e+15 -30.8991 9.68
Riyadh 12

Saudi Arabia

Middle East 1.497e+15 10.7915 9.98
Qurayyah CC

Saudi Arabia

Middle East 4.011e+15 -14.8288 5.61
Qurayyah Steam

Saudi Arabia

Middle East 4.011e+15 -14.8288 5.61
Marafiq IWPP

Saudi Arabia

Middle East 4.967e+15 -7.66167 5.84
Hajr for Electricity Production Co. Station

Saudi Arabia

Middle East 3.643e+15 -16.3434 5.93
Ghazlan

Saudi Arabia

Middle East 4.835e+15 -16.8846 5.46
Ras Laffan C CCGT Power Plant

Qatar

Middle East 3.644e+15 -1.18997 10.87
Mesaieed CCGT Power Plant

Qatar

Middle East 3.696e+15 4.94814 10.50
Sabiya

Kuwait

Middle East 6.218e+15 38.4125 10.34
Doha West

Kuwait

Middle East 5.041e+15 5.80499 6.93
Az Zour South CCGT

Kuwait

Middle East 6.392e+15 7.96366 10.99
Shahid Rajaee

Iran

Middle East 4.946e+15 36.6720 13.65
Damavand C.C.

Iran

Middle East 8.172e+15 69.1842 19.32
Sidi Krir

Egypt

Middle East 1.825e+15 15.5606 8.47
Nubaria

Egypt

Middle East 2.408e+15 16.9722 8.81
North Giza

Egypt

Middle East 3.178e+15 37.5734 9.86
Kuriemat 2

Egypt

Middle East 3.489e+15 32.3155 8.75
Abu Kir

Egypt

Middle East 2.017e+15 14.7813 8.23
Alba Power Station

Bahrain

Middle East 4.627e+15 -24.2273 5.56
Zonguldak Eren

Turkey

Middle East 2.349e+15 31.0233 11.06
Afsin Elbistan Termik Santrali

Turkey

Middle East 1.349e+15 -35.2099 12.01
Rutenberg

Israel

Middle East 1.872e+15 -27.6298 9.41
Orot Rabin

Israel

Middle East 1.968e+15 -37.8145 7.79
Dubai

UAE

Middle East 7.148e+15 -17.2918 7.45
Sanaa

Yemen

Middle East 1.328e+15 -7.85255 9.12
Muscat

Oman

Middle East 1.944e+15 -8.00679 6.71
Abu Dhabi

U.A.E.

Middle East 3.299e+15 8.17124 9.85
Kuwait City

Kuwait

Middle East 6.288e+15 -0.157902 6.56
Gaziantep

Turkey

Middle East 2.352e+15 65.6725 11.44
Ankara

Turkey

Middle East 3.513e+15 -2.07372 11.54
Istanbul

Turkey

Middle East 5.227e+15 -16.4734 9.52
Homs

Syria

Middle East 2.482e+15 8.55492 7.96
Damascus

Syria

Middle East 2.227e+15 -31.1492 7.01
Mecca

Saudi Arabia

Middle East 2.827e+15 -14.4173 8.06
Riyadh

Saudi Arabia

Middle East 6.853e+15 -29.7858 8.81
Beirut

Lebanon

Middle East 5.304e+15 101.743 15.91
Jerusalem

Israel

Middle East 2.615e+15 -34.7910 6.60
Kirkuk

Iraq

Middle East 3.255e+15 69.8160 14.44
Mosul

Iraq

Middle East 3.601e+15 81.6118 14.13
Baghdad

Iraq

Middle East 6.006e+15 51.9108 11.85
Tehran

Iran

Middle East 1.348e+16 18.9002 10.85
Alexandria

Egypt

Middle East 1.992e+15 15.5186 8.11
Cairo

Egypt

Middle East 5.078e+15 17.3480 7.68